Make plastic printed circuits with a standard laser cutter

I developed a new chemical process to make double-sided PCBs with a laser cutter, and some common chemicals.  This is intended to be used on SLA 3D-printed parts, but may work on many materials.




Refs:
http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/29/28004.pdf

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.527.5817&rep=rep1&type=pdf

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/195088/3/chapter%202.pdf

https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00424-5

https://library.nrao.edu/public/memos/chem/CHEM_5.pdf

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48645791.pdf


Support Applied Science:  https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Vintage electrical tech - Weston Sensitrol Relay

This vintage electrical meter is incredibly sensitive, and latches relay contacts with just 18 nanowatts!

Link to old Weston advertisement from 1950's:  https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7efe/c1a814298b121ecf67947183d3630db7f3b0.pdf

https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Engineering magnetics -- practical introduction to BH curve

A practical introduction to understanding magnetic devices such as transformers and motors. This video covers BH curves, reluctance, permeability, DC and AC magnetic circuits, and some applications. 

Please put questions in the comments, and I'll do my best to answer them! I apologize that I didn't mention inductance. 

This video focuses only on the magnetic side of things. Inductance is how the electrical circuit interacts with the magnetics.

https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Candle flame is repelled by magnets (and Zeeman follow-up)

Why is a candle flame repelled by magnets? It turns out to be a combination of diamagnetic soot particles and hot gas.

Dr. Faraday on the diamagnetic condition: https://books.google.com/books?id=Shc8boMnrBoC&pg=RA3-PA406&lpg=RA3-PA406#v=onepage&q&f=false

On Flame and Gases: https://books.google.com/books?id=D8NAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=false


I should have mentioned in the video that the exhaust from a flame will be oxygen-poor, thus also making it more diamagnetic than normal air.  Air is a mixture of nitrogen (diamagnetic) and oxygen (paramagnetic). Removing the oxygen will make the resulting gas more diamagnetic.


https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Zeeman Effect - Control light with magnetic fields

I demo the Zeeman effect with a sodium flame and 1 tesla electromagnet!

Inspiration on xoFunkox's channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyBjPiRlxzg

Zeeman effect Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeman_effect

18W low-pressure sodium lamp on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Philips-234047-18-watt-SOX-E18-Pressure/dp/B004NIRVXO

Microwave oven transformer.  The price has been going up on these.  I seem to remember paying just $10 or $20 each.  Finding junked microwave ovens is fairly easy too.  https://www.ebay.com/itm/Microwave-Oven-High-Voltage-Transformer-GAL-700U-1-w15/273263153173?hash=item3f9fc0d015:g:JXUAAOSwC~1bFzPk


Magnetic field meter: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B074KVK7WD/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o02_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1

50A power supply (DC stick welder, not this exact model, but very similar) https://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200680691_200680691?cm_mmc=Google-pla&utm_source=Google_PLA&utm_medium=Welding%20%3E%20Arc%20%2B%20Stick%20Welding&utm_campaign=Klutch&utm_content=55728&cm_mmc=Google-pla&utm_source=google_PLA&utm_campaign=&mkwid=sVlyaIJ6C&pcrid=39155627516&devicetype=c&gclid=CjwKCAjwgr3ZBRAAEiwAGVssnap1_WInlowjEuN5nqZ78ooT_yMVbyM3wCFCSW6Cvs5ySiXZucsw1BoCtnQQAvD_BwE

Faraday effect on Applied Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhU-nNiAgtI&t=46s


Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience