Holograms on chocolate

DIY process to copy commercial holograms onto chocolate! Completely edible -- no dyes or inks used. Tech Ingredients' video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoTi0tM4yQ8 Samy Kamkar's diffractive chocolate: https://twitter.com/samykamkar/status/1259173832620830722 Hologram stickers: https://www.ebay.com/itm/100-Huge-1-9-16-Round-Adhesive-Hologram-Sticker-Labels/331178956157 Silver mirror process: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1941.11869396 Add a pinch of sodium lauryl sulfate to the stannous chloride primer solution to help the solution get into contact with the plastic surface. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-4qqcCxD6g Morphotonix: https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/06/14/321816570/holographic-chocolates-look-as-beautiful-as-they-taste http://www.morphotonix.com/products/ Caswell nickel electroplating kit: https://www.caswellplating.com/electroplating-anodizing/nickel-plating-kits/nickel-electroplating-kit-1-5-gal.html (Price was already pretty high years ago, and has gone up a lot since; and the kit has fewer components than it used to. But it does work well.) Holography Marketplace book -- lots of very practical information for making your own holograms, and good source of suppliers (though many are out-of-business now): https://www.amazon.com/Holography-MarketPlace-6th-Franz-Ross/dp/0894960997 Very good source for mold making supplies: https://shop.smooth-on.com/ Countermeasures against hologram copying. Holograms are often used as a security seal, so making copies as shown in the video could be a problem without countermeasures: http://www.nli-ltd.com/publications/countermeasures.php I was planning to talk more about different types of holograms in technical detail, but I think I will save it for a future, dedicated video on making original holograms. https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Giant glass diffusion pump and cathode ray tube demo

This vacuum diffusion pump is made entirely of glass so we can see how it works. I also show a CRT built from a glass lab flask. The pump was bought on Amazon! https://www.amazon.com/Vacuum-Diffusion-L-2210-Three-stage-Four-stage/dp/B07MJ2RQ44/ Diffusion pump instructions translation: https://twitter.com/BenKrasnow/status/1170188966642896896 I used DC-704 silicone diffusion pump oil: https://www.duniway.com/catalog/diffusion-pumps/diffusion-pump-oil The tabletop burner and fuel are commonly found at Asian supermarkets. Phosphor paint: https://www.coastairbrush.com/products.asp?cat=386 Water chiller: https://www.ebay.com/itm/S-A-CW-5200-Industry-Water-Chiller-110V-60Hz-for-Laser-Cutting-2-Years-Warranty/122389384736 Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Hypercentric optics: A camera lens that can see behind objects

Telecentric and hypercentric optics are very different from our eyes or normal camera lenses. They have "negative" perspective or no perspective, respectively, leading to very unusual images. In this video I show how to use a common fresnel lens in the creation of your own telecentric optical system. 

Fresnel lens, 300mm dia. 200mm FL is sold out... https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B071ZQL9YZ/ 

$5 projection lens on eBay: https://www.ebay.com/itm/Delta-108-Projection-Lens-from-U-S-Precision-Lens-inc/264605738684 

Good practical discussion of telecentric optics: https://www.lockhaven.edu/~dsimanek/scenario/labman3/telecen.htm
https://www.mii.cz/art?id=626&lang=409&style=4

Idea to use macro tubes for telecentric conversion of normal lenses came from here: http://www.4photos.de/camera-diy/Telecentric-Lens.html 

In-depth info on telecentric lenses: https://schneiderkreuznach.com/application/files/9715/0781/8897/optical-measurement.pdf 

Commercial hypercentric and telecentric lens maker: https://lw4u.com/ 

Paper on making telecentric lenses with fresnel front elements: https://sci-hub.tw/10.1117/12.455256 

https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Alpha radiation makes sparks, detects smoke, and eliminates static cling

Interesting applications of a strong polonium-210 alpha radiation source.  The half life is only 140 days, so the Staticmaster brushes must be replaced every year or so.

Great technical article on ionization smoke detectors: https://circuitcellar.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/CC2011110601.pdf

Staticmaster refill: https://www.amazon.com/Static-Master-4331991414-Static-Master-Refill/dp/B0000ALKDH/

Ionization chamber: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32838644316.html

Carl Willis' video on spark gap detectors. (check out his whole channel) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8GlzUjYazs

Polonium poisoning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_of_Alexander_Litvinenko
https://sci-hub.tw/10.1088/1361-6498/aa58a7

Mightyohm geiger counter: https://mightyohm.com/blog/products/geiger-counter/

Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Antique 4x5 camera creates 20 micron photolithography masks

I use an antique 4x5 view camera to create high resolution photomasks in my home shop.

Source of film and developing chemicals: https://www.freestylephoto.biz/531345-Arista-Ortho-Litho-Film-3.0-3.9x4.9-50-Sheets-For-4x5-Film-Holders

Possible source of poster-sized printouts: https://blueprintsprinting.com/pricing/

Gold on microscope slide: https://sci-hub.tw/10.1109/MEMSYS.2013.6474404

Commerical microelectrode arrays: https://www.multichannelsystems.com/products/microelectrode-arrays

Vacuum film holder: https://web.archive.org/web/20111016132122/http://cloudynights.com/documents/large.pdf

Test patterns: http://www.bealecorner.org/red/test-patterns/

Thought emporium: https://www.youtube.com/user/TheChemlife

Huygens Optics: https://www.youtube.com/user/huygensoptics

Sam Zeloof: https://www.youtube.com/user/szeloof

Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience