Atomic Layer Deposition of copper - If you like sputtering, you'll love this!

 

An explanation and demo of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper metal on glass.  Precursors are copper(I) chloride and hydrogen, processed in a hot-wall tube quartz tube furnace.

10 torr operating pressure

500 sccm argon sweep/purge gas constantly flowing

75 sccm CuCl argon pulse gas (17 seconds including flow controller lag)

100 sccm H pulse gas (14 seconds including flow controller lag)

7 second purge time between pulses

100mm quartz tube furnace diameter 

415*C deposition temperature

350*C CuCl evaporation temperature

Substrates are mostly borosilicate glass cleaned with RCA clean

The "good" samples shown in the video are about 750 cycles (about 9 hours

Main ref:

https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.19970030107

Also helpful:

https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087759

https://sci-hub.se/10.1149/2.0261501jss

https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(92)90191-K

Alicat flow controller manuals (hard to find via website navigation):

https://documents.alicat.com/manuals/DOC-MANUAL-MC.pdf

https://documents.alicat.com/manuals/old/Gas_Flow_Controller_Manual_rev7.pdf

https://documents.alicat.com/Alicat-Serial-Primer.pdf

RCA clean: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_clean

CuCl synthesis: http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c1901exp35.html

Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

The best projects from 10 years of Applied Science

 Liquid oxygen BBQ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bjvj5FjUPE

Fondant cake making - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IhibizyrtU

Scanning Electron Microscope - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdjYVF4a6iU

Transcranial magnetic Stimulation - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_olmdAQx5s

Supercritical CO2 chamber - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gCTKteN5Y4

LED in a contact lens - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHECpEhJdB8

Pop Rocks candy - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsSwvmNEr0Q

X-Ray backscatter - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7ldYhzKAp4

X-Ray CT - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF3V-GHiJ78

Cookie Perfection Machine - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YEdHjGMeho

LCD - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zoeeR3geTA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4QFNWBSZYg

Vinyl LP in electron microscope - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuCdsyCWmt8

Silicon etching rugate optical filters - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwj78pR46zM

https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Measuring human digestive efficiency vs. a flame

 "200 Calories" on a nutrition label doesn't describe the total flammable caloric content. I explore the differences between digestible and flammable calories using a homemade calorimeter with glass windows.

Pressure sensor: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/te-connectivity-measurement-specialties/M5842-000005-10KPG/7592854 Schedule 160 pipe on McMaster: https://www.mcmaster.com/7733K259/ 32 ga nichrome wire: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DL4DSWD/ Power supply (used for ignition wire): https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07SS77N7K/ Keithley 6.5 digit multimeter: https://www.tek.com/tektronix-and-keithley-digital-multimeter/dmm6500 Tek MSO 4 series oscilloscope: https://www.tek.com/oscilloscope/4-series-mso-mixed-signal-oscilloscope Soylent: https://soylent.com/ Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Prototyping with Applied Science: Design and build a bite sensor

Join me in brainstorming and building a bite force sensor that allows paraplegic musicians to smoothly control an expression pedal. This video will include construction tips and tricks, methods, material selection, and a little design philosophy.

Tiny linear potentiometer used in final design: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/bourns-inc/3046L-1-103/3781580 Spring-loaded linear potentiometer: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tt-electronics-bi/404R10KL1-0/2408603 Sil-Poxy for bonding silicone rubber to itself and other materials: https://www.smooth-on.com/product-line/sil-poxy/ Sorta Clear 40 - Platinum-cure silicone molding: https://www.smooth-on.com/products/sorta-clear-40/ Light-cure 3311 adhesive: https://www.mcmaster.com/1700A253/ (expensive, but this tube will last a long time) Blue lasers on eBay "5mW" *wink* https://www.ebay.com/itm/3-Packs-900Mile-Strong-Laser-Pointer-Pen-Green-Blue-Red-Light-Visible-Beam-Lazer/174479770737 Braided shield, highly flexible, 4-conductor cable: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tensility-international-corp/30-00218/5270175 Fabric reinforced silicone sheet: https://www.mcmaster.com/8612K51/ Mechanical CAD on github: https://github.com/benkrasnow/BiteSensor Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Etching silicon wafers to make colorful Rugate optical filters (porous silicon)

Passing an electrical current through a silicon wafer in a special acid etchant will create a porous layer with a variable index of refraction. I describe how this process works, and how the Fourier transform relates filter design to electrical etch waveform and resulting spectral response.

Notes: 1. The Rugate filters look especially good in polarized light because the reflection from the silicon wafer is reduced, but the reflection from the filter remains strong. I noticed this while holding the wafer in front of my computer monitor. Later, when showing it to friends, the color intensity was poor. Their monitor must have been horizontally polarized, so holding the wafer low, and tilting it upward didn't work! Some monitors are horizontally polarized, and some are vertical. 2. The magnet used to hold down the PTFE cup to the wafer may have a very slight impact on the etch process. The dramatic shift in filter performance at the periphery is due to O-ring restricting the conductive etchant to a sharp edge, creating an electrical field concentration. Outstanding visual Fourier series tutorial:http://www.jezzamon.com/fourier/index.html LR-1 spectrometer: http://www.aseq-instruments.com/LR1.html p-type wafers on eBay. (You have to hunt around and check the photos for info on the label attached to the box of wafers. Be sure to get wafers less than 0.01 ohm-cm) eg https://www.ebay.com/itm/25-silicon-wafer-P-type-150mm-100-sumco/263441166009 n-type wafers are photosensitive during the etch process. Online graphing calculator page from this video: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/hiju8zdqfz Original Desmos page that I used: https://www.desmos.com/calculator/qpnz9celzf Code for Keithley 2450 control and processing.org waveform generation: https://github.com/benkrasnow/Porous_Silicon_Optics Fourier transform to understand optical coatings: http://www.willeyoptical.com/pdfs/92_180.pdf Porous silicon refs: https://www.rp-photonics.com/rugate_filters.html https://www.intechopen.com/books/porosity-process-technologies-and-applications/porous-silicon https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2011.03.143 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2010.495446 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71381-6_2 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.005415 https://sci-hub.se/10.1364/OE.16.015531 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.19940061214 https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2906337

Silicon wafer identification flats: https://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/elmat_en/kap_5/illustr/i5_2_4.html Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience