Mutarotation: a sugar that spontaneously changes from sweet to bitter

Simple sugars can exist in multiple molecular conformations, some of which have different tastes and optical properties.

Steve Mould's video on optical rotation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=975r9a7FMqc

Reaction's video on Mexican Coke: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NY66qpMFOYo

Research paper describing enzymatic synthesis of L-glucose: https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/17714/1/JSIR%2061%285%29%20361-365.pdf

D-mannose on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Micro-Ingredients-Mannose-Supplement-Soluble/dp/B01L2TFP1Q

My crystals were almost entirely the sweet form, but it is possible that your bag may have the bitter-tasting form to begin with.

D-fructose on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Fructose-Fruit-Sugar-16-ZIN/dp/B07DXVSGJT

D-glucose, also known as dextrose, also known as "corn sugar", can be found on Amazon, or beer homebrewing stores.

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Micronics SLS nylon 3D printer makes electronic circuits

A new desktop SLS nylon 3D printer can make printed electronic circuits with the addition of a powdered catalyst and electroless copper plating bath. The printer is available here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/micronics3d/micron-a-desktop-sls-3d-printer







Applied Science video on SLA printed circuits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z228xymQYho

Favorite copper plating bath recipe: 

Heat 250ml deionized water to 60*C in a 300ml beaker, stirring at 350 RPM 

Add 2.5g CuSO4*5H2O, wait until dissolved Add 4.6g EDTA disodium dihydrate, wait until dissolved

 Add 0.84ml of 1% Triton-X 100 solution in water Dissolve 5.8g NaOH in 30ml DI water, stir until clear, then add to bath Add 4ml Formaldehyde (37% HCHO) 

Lower stirring to 100 RPM and begin filtration with 0.5 micron syringe filter and peristaltic pump. 

No intentional oxygenation or bubbling. 

Filter return is below surface for minimal splashing.

I experimented a little with PEG and 2 2' Bipyridine, but didn't find them impactful enough to discuss in this video.

  LED rectenna designs: https://josepheoff.github.io/posts/1-hatband https://www.nrl.navy.mil/STEM/LEctenna-Challenge/ Electroless copper references: https://www.nmfrc.org/pdf/p0295g.pdf Copper chromite catalyst: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/209317 Possibly available here: https://www.kremer-pigmente.com/en/shop/pigments/pigments-of-modern-age/spinel-similar-pigments/47420-spinel-black-no-42.html It's been backordered for a month, so I wasn't able to test it. Open Sauce 2024: https://opensauce.com/Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience